Integration of Domains and Multi-Mission Armies: from joint to multi-domain operations

In this article, we will examine how, in recent decades, both warfare and military operations have undergone considerable transformation. From the coordination of land, air, and naval forces, we have moved toward a broader concept: multi-domain operations. The concept of joint operations became entrenched after World War II and throughout the Cold War. By then, any military force seeking success had to rely on the support of other forces. In 2018, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) published a formal doctrinal concept for Multi-Domain Operations, defining them as operations in multiple domains and contested spaces to overcome an adversary's strengths by presenting them with multiple operational and tactical dilemmas. The Multi-Domain Operations blur the lines between conflict, crisis, and peace, as well as between conventional and unconventional operations. This, along with deterrence and escalation, constitutes characteristic strategic aspects of this type of operation. In terms of material resources, the Dominican Republic faces the technological challenge of adopting the capabilities of multi-domain operations with somewhat limited resources. Wars of the future are likely to continue along the path of multi-domain integration, adding more technology that will revolutionize the way we fight; and the lines separating human and machine, civilian and military will become increasingly blurred.

Keywords:
Multi-domain operations; cyberspace; multi-mission; joint operations; hybrid warfare